Capital intelectual como generador de productividad y competitividad en la educación superior: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Objetivo: sistematizar los abordajes metodológicos y los resultados relacionados con la competitividad y la productividad, dentro de la gestión del conocimiento y la medición del capital intelectual.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque: se realizó la revisión de la literatura, utilizando las directrices PRISMA y el integrated design en Scopus para analizar cómo se complementan los enfoques cuantitativo, cualitativo y mixto.
Resultados: se encontraron cuatro estudios con énfasis en la productividad medida por la vinculación con las tecnologías de la información, y en los procesos de la gestión estratégica y del conocimiento; seis estudios centrados en la competitividad con la observación de variables como valor social, sostenibilidad, tercera misión, transferencia tecnológica, renovación económica; y, otros diez estudios que se aproximan de forma integrada a los conceptos de productividad y competitividad para explicar el impacto que tiene el conocimiento en el entorno y en los grupos de interés a través de variables como imagen, reputación, impacto sectorial, liderazgo, innovación y relacionamiento con la empresa. Por otra parte, se encuentra un consenso sobre el desagregado del capital intelectual en humano, relacional y estructural.
Conclusiones: la investigación en gestión del conocimiento y capital intangible se encuentra en una etapa temprana con avances y consensos desde un enfoque mixto, en su mayoría desde un abordaje transversal sobre los tipos de capital y los elementos que favorecen la gestión y la medición. Los modelos de capital intelectual contextualizados para el sector garantizan el uso de la capacidad institucional para el cumplimiento de metas (productividad) y el impacto a los grupos de interés (competitividad), desde la sostenibilidad, la transferencia de conocimiento, la innovación y el compromiso con las comunidades, el relevo generacional y el liderazgo institucional.
Originalidad: las revisiones sistemáticas previas estudian los conceptos y modelos de capital intelectual, pero ninguna se enfoca en crear valor a partir de los conceptos de productividad y competitividad en el contexto de la educación.
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