Análisis de estabilidad en taludes naturales: análisis comparativo entre el método de reducción de esfuerzos y análisis de tensión
Resumen
Las laderas naturales presentan una sección variable, lo que limita el uso de métodos que fueron desarrollados para taludes regulares de sección constante. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo la comparación de los métodos SAM y SRM a través del análisis de estabilidad de una ladera con dos pendientes (54º y 31º). La metodología consistió en la obtención de una superficie topográfica y su análisis empleando el programa MIDAS GTS NX, para demostrar la influencia de pendientes y del método de análisis en el factor de seguridad. Se obtuvo como resultado que la influencia de las pendientes es mayor que la de los métodos. Además, se obtuvo que, en pendientes pequeñas, ambos métodos presentan resultados semejantes para pequeños tamaños de elementos en la malla, mientras que, en grandes pendientes, el método SAM es menos conservador, presentando valores de hasta 130 % más grandes respecto al SRM. Además, los resultados obtenidos con el método SAM indican que la pendiente abrupta es un 13.7 % más estable que la suave, lo cual no es real. Además, el análisis estadístico realizado demuestra diferencias de -0.4 entre los métodos SAM y SRM en la pendiente abrupta, lo que refuerza la imprecisión del método SAM en la obtención del factor de seguridad en taludes con grandes pendientes con respecto al método SRM. Por lo tanto, se concluye con que el método SRM es mucho más efectivo que el SAM. Además, se recomienda emplear el método SAM como complemento del método SRM en laderas de poca inclinación.
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