Gestión de cadenas de suministro en mipymes nicaragüenses: descripción de sus prácticas y aproximación al enfoque Lean-Agile
Resumen
Objetivo: describir las prácticas asociadas a la gestión de cadenas de suministro con el enfoque Lean-agile de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas manufactureras nicaragüenses.
Metodología/diseño: se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal; se aplicó un cuestionario estandarizado a 206 empresarios del sector manufacturero. La confiabilidad del instrumento para el contexto seleccionado se verificó mediante el Alpha de Cronbach y la validez mediante las pruebas de Káiser-Meyer-Olkin (kmo) y esfericidad de Bartlett; en cuanto al análisis inferencial, se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis.
Resultados: se evidenciaron puntajes neutrales en ambas gestiones (Lean y Agile), destacándose las fortalezas en herramientas Lean como Kanban y Justo a tiempo, y una moderada adaptabilidad en la gestión ágil (Agile), aunque se observaron debilidades en la selección de proveedores y en plazos de entrega.
Conclusiones: las mipymes nicaragüenses aplican prácticas Lean-Agile de forma incipiente y fragmentada, limitadas por factores estructurales como la débil gestión de proveedores y recursos tecnológicos; asimismo, se destaca la necesidad de enfoques contextualizados y apoyo ecosistémico para potenciar la competitividad y sostenibilidad.
Originalidad: la investigación aborda la brecha existente en la literatura al analizar la implementación de un enfoque híbrido Lean-Agile en mipymes manufactureras nicaragüenses. A diferencia de estudios previos que tratan estos enfoques de manera aislada en contextos más desarrollados, este trabajo se centra en un sector clave de la economía nicaragüense, caracterizado por la dependencia de insumos importados, baja tecnificación y limitaciones en el acceso a tecnología y financiamiento.
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