Hacia una IA consciente: el papel de las ciencias de la computación en la sostenibilidad energética, social y ética de la inteligencia artificial
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial ha transformado múltiples sectores, pero su rápido crecimiento trae importantes desafíos energéticos, ambientales, sociales y éticos. Para lograr una verdadera sostenibilidad, las ciencias de la computación deben integrar la optimización técnica, la ética computacional y la gobernanza social. En el ámbito energético, destacan enfoques como el pruning, la quantization, los modelos más pequeños, las infraestructuras verdes y métodos descentralizados como el federated learning, que reducen el consumo y las emisiones. La sostenibilidad social y ética requiere marcos que incorporen transparencia, equidad, valores humanos y métricas contextualizadas para evaluar justicia y explicabilidad. La sostenibilidad de la IA depende de combinar eficiencia energética con responsabilidad social, apoyada en prioridades futuras como métricas sociales, herramientas de auditoría integrales, infraestructuras alineadas con energías renovables y modelos de gobernanza participativa.
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